Music and the Loss of
Virtue
By Matthew James Bellisario 2008

Part II
An attitude
adjustment.
Claudio Monteverdi was a great Italian Baroque composer
who was arguably the most influential composer of his
time. His music is a wonderful gift to the human soul. He
had a correct understanding of what the purpose of music
was. He once said, “The end
of all good music is to affect the soul.”
Monteverdi
knew the great power of music, and how it should be
composed. If we listen to his composition, Vespro Della
Beata Vergine, (Vespers for the Blessed Virgin) it
doesn’t take long for you to be uplifted by this
wonderful piece of music. It disposes the listener to a
peaceful and hopeful state of mind and soul. You don’t
even have to understand the lyrics, and you are still
uplifted. Monteverdi delivered this type of uplifting
structure even in his secular works. His secular operas
contained a virtuous message in them that never left its
listener in a hopeless state of despair, much to the
chagrin of modern film and opera. We see such an example
in his secular opera L’Orfeo, which ends with the
character Orpheus rising to the heavens singing where he
finds his ultimate fulfillment. If we fast-forward over
300 years we see a drastic change in the attitude of the
arts in film and music. A well-known director Martin
Scorsese recently released his latest excuse for a film
called The Departed. The film had no virtue throughout
its entire length, and leaves its viewers in a state of
despair. One of the main characters is shot and killed at
the end, the other main character is shot in the head and
finally an obscure character ends up killing the only
witnesses and escapes without being detected. There is no
hero of the story, no good characters in any of its
entire running time, all the while insulting two priests
and a nun, and peppering its listeners with profanity and
terribly composed music. It is an endless hole down to
despair with never a hint of hope at getting out. Maybe
that was his intent, however we are exposed to tragedy
every day of our lives, do we need to be inundated with
this attitude during our entertainment as well? One might
ask the question, what good is it? One with a right mind
would answer the question by saying that it isn’t any
good for anything. This is the simple contrast of our
modern music and art compared to those of the past.
The great composer Johann Sebastian Bach once said of
music, “The aim
and final end of all music should be none other than the
glory of God and the refreshment of the
soul.” He wrote some
of the most beautiful sacred and secular music ever
written. His well-known compositions such as his Mass in
B minor and Saint Matthew’s Passion draw the listener
into the divine. They give rise to the intellect and
subdue the passions of the body. His music puts our being
into harmony with our Creator. The same can be said for
the music of Handel and Antonio Vivaldi. If we
fast-forward once again to our modern age we see a very
famous music composer of our times. His name is Billy
Joel, and here is his attitude on Catholicism.
"I wasn't
raised Catholic, but I used to go to Mass with my
friends, and I viewed the whole business as a lot of very
enthralling hocus-pocus. There's a guy hanging upon the
wall in the church, nailed to a cross and dripping blood,
and everybody's blaming themselves for that man's
torment, but I said to myself, 'Forget it. I had no hand
in that evil. I have no original sin. There’s no blood of
any sacred martyr on my hands. I pass on all of this." "I
believe that all important matters have to be settled
here, not in the clouds somewhere after we kick
off." -Billy Joel,
American Musician. How great of a contrast we see between
him and Bach. Joel even goes as far as denying that he
has no original sin! His music also reflects his
attitude. His music broods with immorality in its rhythm,
as in the song “Only the Good Die Young” while the lyrics
also compliment it by saying, “Catholic girls start much
too late.” And “I’d rather laugh with the sinners than
cry with the Saints.” The attitude of the music is
reinforced by the rhythmic composition. This music is
terrible and it disposes the listener to an attitude that
religion is stupid and a waste of time. Once again the
contradiction is wide between the great virtuous composer
of Bach to the demonic amoral composer of our time Joel.
I could go on and on with comparisons endlessly. We have
been over run with music such as this for many years now.
I think it will help if we go back in time and look at
music the way the ancients did. Even those before the
time of Christianity will help us see the truth of how
powerful music is.
The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was born in 427 BC.
He is considered by many to be the founder of philosophy
of the arts. Much of what he learned came from his
predecessor Socrates. Plato believed in a virtuous and
harmonious life. He also regarded music as way of
attaining that virtue and harmony in man. Plato
says, “music as
highly important; its lofty purpose is to serve, not for
superficial entertainment, but to help in building up a
harmonious personality and in calming the human
passions.” (Strunk 1965) Even Plato
and the ancients recognized the influential power of
music. In today’s modern times, it seems that only the
destructive spirit knows this, while those who seek
holiness have forgotten it. I want to continue to look at
what Plato and those of his time thought of music and
other arts that had an evil disposition to them. There is
indeed a quality and character to all things in art,
either grace or gracelessness. Plato, “Gracelessness
and evil rhythm and disharmony are akin to evil speaking
and the evil temper, but the opposites are the symbols
and the kin of the opposites, the sober and good
disposition.” He continues, “Is it then, only the poets
that we must supervise and compel to embody in their
poems the semblance of the good character or else not
write poetry among us, or must we keep watch over the
other craftsmen, and forbid them to represent the evil
disposition, the licentious, the illiberal, the
graceless, either in the likeness of living creatures or
in buildings or in any other product of their art, on
penalty, if unable to obey, of being forbidden to
practice their art among us, that our guardians may not
be bred among symbols of evil, as it were in a pasturage
of poisonous herbs, lest gazing freely and cropping from
many such day by day they little by little and all
unawares accumulate and build up a huge mass of evil in
their own souls. But we must look for those craftsmen who
by the happy gift of nature are capable of following the
trail of true beauty and grace, that our young men,
dwelling as it were in a salubrious region, may receive
benefit from all things about them, whence the influence
that emanates from works of beauty may waft itself to eye
or ear like a breeze that brings from wholesome places,
health, and so from earliest childhood insensibly guide
them to likeness, to friendship, to harmony with
beautiful reason.” (Strunk 1965)
We have let happen in our society, exactly what Plato
said would happen if we allowed bad music into our
culture. It has given a foothold to evil and has brought
about disunity and vice. Plato saw it happen in his time
as well. In fact the Greek civilization saw a great
decline, preceded by a corruption of art and music. This
happened in the classical civilizations of China and
India as well. Plato is not a Christian fundamentalist,
but a person seeking virtue. In fact he lived 400 years
before Christ came into the world. But even he had an
image of what good morality should include, often
surpassing what most Christians today would propose. Even
though he did not have the Divine Revelation of the one
true God formally, he had deducted some of it by the pure
natural order of things, which we also know was created
by God. The ancients knew that bad music would eventually
poison the minds and souls of its listeners, and hence
wanted to regulate it in their culture. Plato
continues, “education
in music is most sovereign, because more than anything
else rhythm and harmony find their way to the inmost soul
and take strongest hold upon it, bringing with them and
imparting grace, if one is rightly trained, and otherwise
contrary.” (Strunk 1965)
Aristotle also concluded that music does contain in it
imitations of character. We know that people, who are
always depressed, write depressed music. Those who are
amoral write amoral music. Now of course we cannot take
this to a great extreme, however, as a general principal,
those who at least have a virtuous mentality and
disposition, will express the same in art. Of course we
can find exceptions where many of the ancient composers
were not exactly angels. But the whole attitude of their
culture was different. Even if many of the ancients did
not practice what they preached, they at least had a
sense of right and wrong. In today’s culture, we have no
sense of right and wrong, and it shows in all of the
arts. Music has become in our day a conduit of evil and
malice.
The ancients also viewed music as the binding fabric of
our very existence. Many of the ancients theorized that
the universe was bound together by an audible force;
therefore music was viewed as being very sacred.
Pythagoras of Samos was one who saw music as the binding
force of the universe. (Strunk) We as Catholics do not
want to go too far with this mentality, however we can
deduct some truth from this all the same. We can deduct
from our Sacred Scriptures and Church teaching that music
also is very important to us. We read in the book of
Revelation many times where the angels sing and worship
our Lord. We read in the Old Testament where David danced
with lute and lyre praising the Lord. The Church for many
years did exactly what Plato suggested almost 400 years
earlier. She carefully regulated what kind of music would
be allowed into the Church Liturgies. It was not until
the 1960s that people in the Church would begin letting
worldly music inside the liturgy. This of course has been
a complete disaster. We know that the experiment of bad
music has been an utter failure. We have allowed the
Satanic, secular music to step inside the Church and it
has helped to corrupt the people. Aristoxenos an ancient
philosopher wrote of the terrible influence music had on
his culture, “now that
our theaters have become utterly barbarized and this
prostituted music has moved on into a state of grave
corruption, will get together by ourselves, few though we
be and recall what the art of music used to
be.” (Strunk 1965)
We too are in the same dire straits in our culture, and
in the Church. The Church and our culture have been
barbarized by the rotten music of our day. We must get
back to music that disposes us to virtue.
In order to discern whether music is good or bad, we must
look at its rhythm and its harmony. There are few
characteristics of music that would disqualify it from
being virtuous. The first of these being a syncopated,
voodoo-like rhythm that speaks directly to the bodily
sexual passions. This can be heard in relatively all
modern music like pop, rock, blues and country music. The
rhythm is the primary driving force in these types of
music, which consequently speaks directly to the passions
and not at all to the intellect. (Nortz) If music should
be primarily to uplift the soul and promote virtue, then
music that does the opposite should be avoided. If we go
back to origin of rock and pop music,, we find ourselves
in Africa. The drumbeats of pagan voodoo rituals became
the primary driving force of the blues and rock/pop
music. The early blues singers like Robert Johnson often
speak of despair, immorality and Satan. In Robert
Johnson’s famous song, Hellhound on my trail he laments
being worried of Satan constantly following him. Other
songs of his like Hot Tamales sing metaphors of sexual
immorality. Robert Johnson became one of the main
catalysts for rock groups like Led Zeppelin, the Rolling
Stones and other performers like Eric Clapton. Similar
rhythmic beats can be found in the east as well, such as
the music that belly dancers would dance to, primarily to
arouse the bodily passions of the people. It is important
to note that our bodies are not bad, and the sexual
passions are normal when they are directed toward the
function that they were made for. Our sexual natures are
to be used within the context of marriage. A normal human
being does not need to be aroused outside of that
context. When music becomes a catalyst for the sexual
passions then it disposes the listener to vice. We wonder
why so many people go to loud nightclubs and dance halls
only to find themselves in a state of sin by the end of
the night. Rap music played in these places goes straight
to the body; hence you see the sexual dancing that is
aroused by it. Unfortunately we live in a culture where
non-marital sex is the norm and most people do not think
it is wrong. Since this is the case, most people see
nothing wrong with this type of music. Music should not
be used to dispose people to bodily temptation. Most
popular music of all types fosters this behavior.
The next disruption of music comes through the harmony.
Any music that disposes its listeners to despair and
leaves them there cannot be virtuous. Many modern pop
songs are nothing but pity parties for the listener. When
a music piece leaves the listener in a state of
depression it should be classified as illicit. When we
are in a state of depression, we often want to know that
others feel the same, and so we are drawn to sad music.
We like to sulk and feel sorry for ourselves. However God
does not want this from us. Sure we are to grieve at
times, but we must never despair from our trials. A good
piece of music will never leave the listener in a state
of depression. Even a well-composed classical piece that
has a sorrowful interlude will lift the listener out of
it before its climactic finale. Much of country music
also speaks of lost love and emotional turmoil, which
never promulgates hope to the listener. Blues and rock
music also promotes a feeling of sadness or despair.
The third characteristic of destructive music is chaos.
If you listen to a modern jazz piece such as Mile Davis’
Bitches Brew, you will hear an utter chaotic movement of
music. Much of jazz and modern heavy rock has this
distinct quality. This type of music puts its listeners
in a state of rage or disarray. There is no set key for
much of jazz, and it therefore is unsettling to the soul.
It does not lift up, but only confuses and leaves one
feeling uneasy. Contrary, when one listens to Vivaldi’s
Gloria one cannot help but lifted up in spirit and in
intellect. Likewise when one hears the Opera of
Monteverdi, L’Orfeo, one is lifted into harmony with him
or herself. The music is in order with the soul and does
not drive one to a melancholy state. So, we must ask
ourselves, what are we feeding our intellect, our
emotions and our souls from the music we regularly listen
to? Do we often listen to music that contains driving
syncopated rhythms, a harmonious state of depression or a
chaotic maddening disposition? These are the three
important questions to ask yourself. We can say that
these are the attitudes of the music itself.
A secondary characteristic we should not neglect is the
lyrics of the songs. Although the lyrics are not the
primary component of a musical composition, it can make
an impression on the listener. The most destruction that
has ever come from musical lyrics has been done in the
last 50 years. Rock, country and popular music has made
anthems out of sinful lyrics and musical compositions. In
many of these songs, the lyrics reinforce what the music
is already saying. The rock band AC/DC has its listeners
singing a rather stark anthem; “I’m on a
highway to hell”. I can think
back to myself in highschool listening to this as I was
driving down the road thinking how great of a song it
was. Can such an anthem be good? When I was just 8 years
old I was singing songs like God of Thunder by Kiss in
which I ignorantly repeated the lyrics,
“God of
Thunder and rock and roll, the spell your under will
slowly rob you of your virgin soul.”
This music
was composed by loud syncopated beats and screeching
electric guitars that drives the Satanic message. This is
the order of things throughout popular music. This stuff
doesn’t only apply to heavy rock groups such as these.
Brittany Spears sings to our teenage daughters lyrics
like these while set to syncopated occult like
rhythm. “You
lookin at me, with a sexy attitude, but the way your boys
movin it (uh) it puts me in the mood OUW!”
Is that what
you want your kids listening to? Do we need more
examples? Another one of her songs says,
“Got up,
got on the dance floor Hooked up with a guy named Joe
When the music was fast and slow But what happened next,
guess? But you don't wanna know.”
It
doesn’t take a genius to figure out what the “you don’t
wanna know” means. Our culture has turned into a moral
wasteland, and our music has helped in its downfall.
The lyrics often reiterate what the music is already
saying. Unfortunately this formula does not work in
reverse. Many “Christian” singers and bands try and take
illicit music and make it good by putting virtuous lyrics
to it. This does not work. The music is the primary
catalyst of the composition. The lyrics merely compliment
the music. When you have a rhythmic piece of music
speaking to the passions and then try to put virtuous
lyrics to it, all you get is confusion and chaos. Listen
to groups like Third Day and Audio Adrenaline. Their
music is nothing but modern rock music with “Christian”
lyrics. They do not mesh, and if one were not able to
understand the lyrics, which many times you cannot
anyway, you would not be uplifted by the music itself.
This makes the music illicit and unfit to be called
virtuous music.
Part III
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